Whether in chapters 7, 11, or 13, when a bankruptcy case has gone off track, the court must find “cause” before implementing equitable relief.  While cause is not specifically defined by the Bankruptcy Code, both the Code and case law provide illustrative - but not exhaustive - examples.  This panel will discuss the mechanics of establishing cause when seeking dismissal, conversion, or appointment of a trustee, from the cost/benefit analysis to bringing an action, the (sometimes shifting) evidentiary burden, and alternatives to litigation.